Barrier-free construction describes the planning, design and implementation of buildings, outdoor facilities and infrastructure in such a way that they are accessible and usable for all people – regardless of physical, sensory or cognitive limitations. The aim of barrier-free construction is to create an inclusive environment that does not exclude anyone through structural barriers. This helps to promote the independence and participation of all people.
Important features of barrier-free construction
- Accessibility
All buildings and outdoor facilities must be accessible without assistance. This includes- Stepless access or ramps
- Wide doors and corridors that can also be used by wheelchair users
- Barrier-free parking spaces near entrances
- Usability
Facilities and rooms must be designed in such a way that they can be operated and used regardless of physical requirements. Examples include- Lowered control panels in elevators
- Barrier-free sanitary facilities
- Height-adjustable work surfaces or furniture
- Orientation and safety
The environment should be easy to understand and safe for all users. This includes:- Clear signage in large print or Braille
- Tactile guidance system for visually impaired people
- High-contrast colors and lighting for better orientation
- Inclusion and comfort
Barrier-free construction goes beyond the minimum requirements to create comfort for all users. Wider entrances or seating in waiting areas, for example, can be just as useful for families with baby carriages as for people with walking frames.
Legal bases and standards
In Germany, barrier-free construction and the corresponding requirements are regulated by laws and standards:
- Disability Equality Act (BGG): This law requires accessibility in publicly accessible buildings and facilities.
- State building regulations (LBO): Depending on the federal state, there are specific regulations for barrier-free construction.
- DIN standards (in particular DIN 18040): These standards define the requirements for barrier-free planning and construction, divided into residential buildings (DIN 18040-2) and publicly accessible buildings (DIN 18040-1).
Examples of barrier-free construction
- Public buildings: Libraries, schools and public offices must offer barrier-free access, elevators and toilets.
- Residential buildings: Barrier-free apartments often have threshold-free transitions, wide doors and bathrooms that are suitable for wheelchair users.
- Transportation facilities: Bus stops with lowered curbs and elevators at train stations make it easier to use public transportation.
- Open spaces: parks or playgrounds with tactile paths and wheelchair-accessible facilities.
Conclusion
Barrier-free construction creates an environment that is equally accessible, comfortable and safe for all people. It helps to promote social participation and take into account the future requirements of an ageing society. The integration of barrier-free elements not only takes into account the needs of people with disabilities, but also improves living comfort for all user groups.
